【佳学基因检测】沃德-罗马诺综合征基因解码、基因检测
基因解码导读:
沃德-罗马诺综合征是英文Ward-Romano Syndrome的中文翻译,它又叫沃德-罗马综合征,WRS综合征。是一种常染色体显形遗传的长QT综合征(LQTS),临床表现为反复发作的晕厥、抽搐、致命性心律失常(特别是由于心脏复极延长所致尖端扭转型室速)和猝死。佳学基因通过基因解码技术在发病前、婚前、孕前分析发病原因,避免胎儿的再次出生,并为患者提供针病因的治疗依据。
什么样的人应当做沃德-罗马诺综合征基因解码、基因检测?
患者心脏节律紊乱,心律失常。这种病症是一种长QT综合症,心脏(心脏)肌肉比正常人花费更长的时间在心跳间重新充电。术语“长QT”是指用心电图(ECG或EKG)检测心脏活动时出现的一种心电图模式。在长QT综合征的患者中,称为QT间期的部分心跳异常长。心脏充电所需时间异常导致心律异常。与罗马 - 沃德综合征相关的心律失常可导致昏厥(晕厥)或心脏骤停和猝死。但是,一些患有罗马 - 沃德综合征的人从未遇到任何与该病有关的健康问题。基因解码根据基因序列明确了15种长QT综合征。某些类型的长QT综合征有心脏异常或其他系统问题。罗马 - 沃德综合征是指那些只有长QT间期而没有其他异常的类型。
沃德-罗马诺综合征常规临床检查
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临床表现
根据ECG特征谱、临床表征和家族史,得出罗马诺-沃德综全征的初步诊断.
ECG检查
Corrected QT (QTc) values on resting ECG. The QTc on resting ECG is neither completely sensitive nor specific for the diagnosis of LQTS. Approximately 25% of individuals with LQTS confirmed by the identification of a pathogenic variant in a LQTS-associated gene may have a normal range QTc (concealed LQTS) [Goldenberg et al 2011]. Also, several other factors can lengthen the QTc interval:
- QT-prolonging drugs
- Hypokalemia
- Certain neurologic conditions including subarachnoid bleed
- Structural heart disease
The following tests are helpful for further evaluation of individuals with "uncertain" QTc values on resting ECG:
- Exercise ECG, which commonly shows failure of the QTc to shorten normally and even prolongation of the QTc interval [Jervell & Lange-Nielsen 1957, Vincent et al 1991, Swan et al 1998, Horner et al 2011, Sy et al 2011]. Many individuals develop characteristic T-wave abnormalities [Zhang et al 2000].
- QTc interval measurement during change from supine to standing position [Viskin et al 2010]
- Intravenous pharmacologic provocation testing (e.g., with epinephrine), which may be helpful by demonstrating inappropriate prolongation of the QTc interval [Ackerman et al 2002]. With the small risk of induction of arrhythmia, such provocative testing is best performed in laboratories experienced in arrhythmia induction and control [Shimizu et al 2004, Vyas et al 2006].
Clinical History
A personal history of syncope, aborted cardiac arrest, or sudden death in a child or young adult may lead to suspicion of LQTS. The syncope is typically precipitous and without warning, thus differing from the common vasovagal and orthostatic forms of syncope in which presyncope and other warning symptoms occur. Absence of aura, incontinence, and postictal findings help differentiate LQTS-associated syncope from seizures.
Family History
A family history of syncope, aborted cardiac arrest, or sudden death in a child or young adult and consistent with autosomal dominant inheritance or autosomal recessive inheritance supports the diagnosis of LQTS.
Establishing the Diagnosis
Schwartz et al [1993] proposed a scoring system to diagnose LQTS on a clinical basis; it was updated by Schwartz & Crotti [2011]. Points are assigned to various criteria (see Table 1).
Table 1.
Findings Points ECG 1 QTc 2 ≥480 ms 3 =460-479 ms 2 =450-459 ms (in males) 1 ≥480 ms during 4th minute of recovery from exercise stress test 1 Torsade de pointes 3 2 T wave alternans 1 Notched T wave in 3 leads 1 Low heart rate for age 4 0.5 Clinical history Syncope 3 With stress 2 Without stress 1 Family history Family member(s) with definite LQTS 5 1 Unexplained sudden cardiac death at age <30 years in immediate family 5 0.5 Total score -
Adapted from Schwartz & Crotti [2011]
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Scoring:
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≤1.0 point = low probability of LQTS
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1.5-3.0 points = intermediate probability of LQTS
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≥3.5 points = high probability of LQTS
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Footnotes:
- 1.
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In the absence of medications or disorders known to affect these electrocardiographic features
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QTc (corrected QT) calculated by Bazett's formula where QTc = QT/√RR
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Mutually exclusive
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Resting heart rate <2nd %ile for age
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The same family member cannot be counted for both criteria.
The diagnosis of LQTS is established in a proband with one or more of the following [Priori et al 2013]:
- A risk score of ≥3.5 (see Table 1) in the absence of a secondary cause for QT prolongation
- The presence of a corrected QT interval ≥500 ms in repeated ECGs in the absence of a secondary cause for QT prolongation
- The identification of a pathogenic variant in one of the known to be associated with LQTS (see Tables 2a and 2b)
沃德-罗马诺综合征基因解码
- 致病基因:
根据《人的基因序列变化与人体疾病表征》数据库,佳学基因发现和明确了可以引起罗马诺-沃德综合征的基因。导致这一疾病发生的基因有多个,K***1,K***2和S****A基因突变是罗马 - 沃德综合征最常见的致病基因。 这些基因编码、控制合成人体细胞膜通道。 这些通道蛋白将带正电荷的离子(如钾和钠)输运进、运出细胞。 在心肌细胞中,这些离子通道蛋白在维持心脏正常节律方面起着关键作用。 基因解码揭示任何这些基因的突变改变了通道蛋白的结构或功能,影响了离子进入细胞的活动。从而改变心脏的跳动方式,导致罗马诺 - 沃德综合征的心律异常。佳学基因解码提请注意,其他参与离子转运的基因突变也可以导致罗马 - 沃德综合征,基因检测如果没能覆盖这些基因导致致病基因鉴定失败。基因的复合作用也是疾病发生的原因。。
- 遗传方式:
根据佳学基因《人的基因序列变化与人体疾病表征》数据库,罗马诺-沃德综合征主要按常染色体显性模式遗传,但是个性化的发病原因,会使得不同患者的遗传模式表现不同。在显性遗传中,两个等位基因中的任何一个发生突变都会导致患者生病。患者父母往往会有一个患者。但是,子女也可能因为新发突变而致病,这时发病原因不是来自父母。使这种情况变得复杂的是,佳学基因发现这一疾病的外显率在部分患者会降低。这意味着父母不患病时,子女有可能患病。同样,父母不患病,在子女中有可能发生外显而患病。通过基因解码明确这些有助于防范。这主要是因为这一疾病的突然来临,会夺取人的生命。。
沃德-罗马诺综合征基因解码可以区分:
- 心脏病
- 心肌梗死
- 不同类型的长QT综合生
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突变基因 不同类型的LQTS 人群占比 A***9 LQTS type 11 Limited A**2 LQTS type 4 <1% C****C LQTS type 8 <1% C**1 LQTS type 14 <1% C***2 LQTS type 15 <1% C**3 LQTS type 9 <1% K***1 LQTS type 5 <1% K***2 LQTS type 6 <1% K***2 LQTS type 7 <1% K***5 LQTS type 13 <1% S***B LQTS type 10 Limited S***1 LQTS type 12 <1%
沃德-罗马诺综合征的其他名字
- RWS
- 沃德-罗马诺综合征(Ward-Romano Syndrome)
- WRS
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